• Hydrology And Hydraulics Civil Engineering
• Hydraulic Lab Manual For Civil Engineering Pdf
• Civil Engineering Reference Manual

Hydraulics Engineering Laboratory A new Hydraulic Engineering Teaching Laboratory was established in the fall of 2002. The laboratory includes a tilting open channel flume, a sediment transport flume, an advanced hydrology system, a sediment permeability apparatus, and other equipment. The laboratory experience includes the study of open channel flow, closed conduit flow, culvert analysis, hydrology, sediment transport, groundwater flow, pump characteristics, and water resources.

This laboratory is arguably the best hydraulics teaching facility in the State of Michigan.

HYDRAULICS ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS  Experiment # 01.2 TO DETERMINE MANNING’S ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT “n” AND CHEZY’S CO-EFFICIENT “C” IN A LABORTARY FLUME  Experiment # 02 11 TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIFIC ENERGY (SE) AND DEPTH OF FLOW(Y) IN A LABORATORY FLUM  Experiment # 03.16 To study the flow characteristics over the hump or weir in a rectangular channel  Experiment # 04.25 TO STUDY THE FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDRAULIC JUMP DEVELOPED IN LAB FLUME 1 2008-CIVIL-87 HYDRAULICS ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL EXPERIMENT NO. 1 TO DETERMINE MANNING’S ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT “n” AND CHEZY’S CO-EFFICIENT “C” IN A LABORTARY FLUME. OBJECTIVE: To study the variation in “n” with respect to discharge.

Hydrology And Hydraulics Civil Engineering

To study changes in “c” with respect to discharge. To manipulate/investigate relation b/w: n” and “c”. To learn the procedure of determining “n” and “c” of any existing channel. APPARATUS: S6 glass sided Tilting lab flume with manometric flow arrangement and slope adjusting scale. Point gauge (For measuring depth of channel) RELATED THEORY: FLUME Open channel generally supported on or above the ground.

UNIFORM FLOW: A uniform flow is one in which flow parameters and channel parameters remain same with respect to distance b/w two sections. NON-UNIFORM FLOW: A non-uniform flow is one in which flow parameters and channel parameters not remain same with respect to distance b/w two sections. STEADY FLOW: A steady flow is one in which the conditions (velocity, pressure and cross-section) may differ from point to point but DO NOT change with time.

UNSTEADY FLOW: If at any point in the fluid, the conditions change with time, the flow is described as unsteady. (In practice there are always slight variations in velocity and pressure, but if the average values are constant, the flow is considered steady. STEADY UNIFORMM FLOW: Conditions do not change with position in the stream or with time. An example is the flow of water in a pipe of constant diameter at constant velocity.

STEADY NON-UNIFORMM FLOW: Conditions change from point to point in the stream but do not change with time. An example is flow in a tapering pipe with constant velocity at the inlet - velocity will change as you move along the length of the pipe toward the exit. 2 2008-CIVIL-87 HYDRAULICS ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL STEADY UNIFORMM FLOW: At a given instant in time the conditions at every point are the same, but will change with time. An example is a pipe of constant diameter connected to a pump pumping at a constant rate which is then switched off. UNSTEADY NON-UNIFORMM FLOW: Every condition of the flow may change from point to point and with time at every point. For example waves in a channel. MANNINGS ROUGNESS FORMULA The Manning formula states: Where: V k n Rh S is the cross-sectional average velocity (L/T; ft/s, m/s) is a conversion factor of 1.486 (ft/m)1/3 for U.S.

Customary units and 1 in SI Units. Is the Manning coefficient (T/L1/3; s/m1/3) is the hydraulic radius (L; ft, m) is the slope of the water surface or the linear hydraulic head loss (L/L) (S = hf/L) Manning formula is used to estimate flow in open channel situations where it is not practical to construct a weir or flume to measure flow with greater accuracy. The friction coefficients across weirs and orifices are less subjective than n along a natural (earthen, stone or vegetated) channel reach. Cross sectional area, as well as n', will likely vary along a natural channel.

Accordingly, more error is expected in predicting flow by assuming a Manning's n, than by measuring flow across a constructed weirs, flumes or orifices. HYDRAULICS RADIUS: The hydraulic radius is a measure of channel flow efficiency. Where: Rh is the hydraulic radius, A is the cross sectional area of flow, P is wetted perimeter. The greater the hydraulic radius, the greater the efficiency of the channel and the less likely the river is to flood. For channels of a given width, the hydraulic radius is greater for the deeper channels.

The hydraulic radius is not half the hydraulic diameter as the name may suggest. It is a function of the shape of the pipe, channel, or river in which the water is flowing.

In wide rectangular channels, the 3 2008-CIVIL-87 HYDRAULICS ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL hydraulic radius is approximated by the flow depth. The measure of a channel's efficiency (its ability to move water and sediment) is used by water engineers to assess the channel's capacity. CHEZY’S FORMULA: Chezy formula can be used to calculate mean flow velocity in conduits and is expressed as v = c (R S) 1/2 Where v = mean velocity (m/s, ft/s) c = the Chezy roughness and conduit coefficient R = hydraulic radius of the conduit (m, ft) S = slope of the conduit (m/m, ft/ft) PROCEDURE: Measure Channel (Flume) width. Adjust the suitable slope.

Hydraulic Lab Manual For Civil Engineering Pdf

Fill the S-6 tilting flume up to some depth. Note down the readings of differential manometer and see the corresponding discharge from the discharge chart. Note down the depth of flow at different points. 2m,4m,6m) Calculate the Co-efficient “C” and “n” accordingly by the given formulas. PRECAUTIONS: Take manometric reading only when flow is steady. The height should not be measured near the joints or at points where there is turbulence in flume.

Civil Engineering Reference Manual

The height measuring needle must be adjusted precisely. The tip of the needle must be just touching the water surface while taking observations. 4 2008-CIVIL-87 HYDRAULICS ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL Determination of Slope of Energy Line: For Q= 0.00894 m³/s 0.2 0.18 0.16 Depth of EnergyLine (m) 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0 1 2 3 4 Distance (m) 5 6 7 For Q= 0.